Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) have emerged as a leading technology for wastewater treatment due to their high removal efficiencies and compact footprint. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely utilized membrane in MBR systems owing to their inherent resistance to fouling, chemical resistance, and physical strength. Determining the perfor… Read More

Membrane Aerated Bioreactors (MABRs) constitute a sophisticated method for treating wastewater. Unlike conventional bioreactors, MABRs utilize a unique combination of aerated membranes and microbial processes to achieve superior treatment efficiency. Within an MABR system, gas is injected directly through the biofilm that support a dense population… Read More